clinical features

Typhoid fever: agent, clinical features, treatment& immunization.

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typhoid-fever

Typhoid fever is the result of systemic infection mainly by S. typhi found only in man. The disease is clinically characterized by a typical continuous fever for 3 to 4 weeks relative bradycardia with involvement of lymphoid tissue and considerable constitutional symptoms. The term “enteric fever” includes both typhoid and paratyphoid fevers. Typhoid fever occurs … Read more

Acute kidney injury: causes, clinical features and complications.

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woman with AKI

Causes for acute kidney injury ATIN: Pre renal causes (most common): Volume depletion (defective intravascular volume) : Acute tubular necrosis it changed to ATIN ( acute tubule interstitial nephritis): Criteria for defining ATIN: KDIGO stage 1: KDIGO stage 2: KDIGO stage 3: Site of tubular injury in ATIN: S3 segment of proximal straight tubule > … Read more